How to Test for Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a neurological condition characterised by recurrent seizures caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Diagnosing epilepsy accurately is essential for effective treatment and management. Testing for epilepsy involves a combination of medical history, clinical examination, and specialised investigations. This article explains the main methods used to test for epilepsy, what to expect during the process, and why thorough assessment is important, based on trusted UK health information.

Medical History and Clinical Assessment

The first step in testing for epilepsy is a detailed medical history and clinical evaluation by a healthcare professional, often a neurologist. This includes asking about the nature, frequency, and circumstances of seizures or episodes, as well as family history, previous illnesses, and any potential triggers. Witness accounts of seizures are particularly valuable to understand symptoms and behaviours.

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

An EEG is a key diagnostic test for epilepsy. It records the brain’s electrical activity using small electrodes attached to the scalp. The EEG can detect abnormal brain waves or seizure activity, even when the person is not having a seizure during the test. Sometimes, EEGs include video monitoring to correlate electrical activity with physical symptoms. While a normal EEG does not rule out epilepsy, abnormal findings support the diagnosis.

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans are used to look for structural abnormalities or lesions in the brain that may cause seizures. MRI is preferred for detailed images and can identify issues like tumours, scarring, or developmental abnormalities. Imaging helps determine the cause of epilepsy and guides treatment.

Other Tests

Additional tests may include blood tests to identify metabolic or genetic conditions, lumbar puncture to assess infections, or specialised monitoring in an epilepsy unit for difficult cases. Sometimes prolonged EEG monitoring or inpatient observation is needed to capture seizures and improve diagnosis accuracy.

Importance of Accurate Diagnosis

Testing aims to distinguish epilepsy from other conditions that mimic seizures, such as fainting, migraines, or psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. Accurate diagnosis ensures appropriate treatment and avoids unnecessary medications.

When to Seek Testing

If you experience unexplained seizures, episodes of altered awareness, or unusual involuntary movements, seek medical assessment promptly. Early testing supports timely management and better outcomes.

Final Thought

Testing for epilepsy involves a combination of clinical assessment, EEG, brain imaging, and sometimes additional investigations. Comprehensive evaluation helps confirm diagnosis, identify causes, and tailor treatment plans to improve seizure control and quality of life.