Adults only (18+)

What Are the Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune condition that primarily affects the joints, causing inflammation, pain and stiffness. It can impact people differently, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe. Recognising the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis early is important for diagnosis and effective treatment, which can help prevent joint damage and improve quality of life.

Joint Pain and Tenderness

The most common symptom of RA is joint pain, often felt in the small joints of the hands, wrists and feet. The pain usually occurs symmetrically, meaning the same joints on both sides of the body are affected. Joints may feel tender when touched or moved.

Stiffness, Especially in the Morning

Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes is a characteristic sign of RA. The stiffness can make it difficult to move joints and often improves with activity as the day progresses.

Swelling and Warmth

Inflammation causes affected joints to become swollen, puffy and warm to the touch. This swelling may be visible and can limit joint movement.

Fatigue and General Malaise

Many people with RA experience persistent tiredness and a general feeling of being unwell. Fatigue can be severe and affect daily functioning.

Reduced Joint Function and Mobility

As the disease progresses, joint damage can lead to decreased range of motion and difficulty performing everyday tasks like gripping objects, walking or dressing.

Symmetrical Joint Involvement

RA typically affects joints on both sides of the body in a symmetrical pattern, which helps distinguish it from other types of arthritis.

Nodules Under the Skin

Some people develop rheumatoid nodules, firm lumps under the skin near affected joints, especially on pressure points such as the elbows.

Systemic Symptoms

Because RA is a systemic disease, it can also cause symptoms beyond the joints, including low-grade fever, weight loss and inflammation in other organs like the lungs or eyes.

When to Seek Medical Advice

If you experience persistent joint pain, swelling or stiffness, especially if it lasts more than six weeks, it is important to see a healthcare professional for evaluation. Early diagnosis and treatment can reduce joint damage and improve outcomes.

Summary

Symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis include joint pain, morning stiffness, swelling, fatigue, symmetrical joint involvement and sometimes nodules or systemic effects. Recognising these symptoms early supports prompt diagnosis and effective management.