Adults only (18+)

What Are the 7 Types of Arthritis?

Arthritis is a general term for conditions causing joint inflammation, pain and stiffness. There are many types of arthritis, each with different causes and treatments. Understanding the main types helps in recognising symptoms and seeking appropriate care. Here are seven common types of arthritis:

1. Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis. It results from the gradual breakdown of cartilage—the cushion between joints—usually due to ageing or wear and tear. It often affects weight-bearing joints such as knees, hips and the spine, causing pain and stiffness.

2. Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the joint lining (synovium), leading to inflammation, pain and eventual joint damage. It commonly affects small joints in the hands and feet symmetrically.

3. Psoriatic Arthritis

Psoriatic arthritis occurs in some people with psoriasis, a skin condition. It causes joint inflammation and can affect any joint, often with swollen fingers or toes and nail changes. It may also involve the spine.

4. Gout

Gout is caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in joints, leading to sudden, severe pain and swelling, often in the big toe. It is linked to diet, genetics and kidney function.

5. Ankylosing Spondylitis

Ankylosing spondylitis primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints, causing chronic inflammation, pain and stiffness. Over time, it can lead to fusion of spinal vertebrae.

6. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

This type affects children under 16 and includes several subtypes. It causes persistent joint inflammation, pain and swelling, sometimes affecting growth.

7. Infectious Arthritis

Also called septic arthritis, this occurs when an infection spreads to a joint, causing inflammation, pain, fever and swelling. It requires urgent medical treatment.

Summary

The seven types of arthritis include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis and infectious arthritis. Each type has unique causes and symptoms, making accurate diagnosis important for effective treatment.