Adults only (18+)

What Causes Arthritis?

Arthritis is a broad term for conditions that cause inflammation, pain and stiffness in the joints. The causes of arthritis vary depending on the specific type, but generally involve a combination of genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. Understanding what causes arthritis can help in prevention, early diagnosis and treatment.

Wear and Tear of Joints

Osteoarthritis, the most common form of arthritis, is primarily caused by the gradual breakdown of cartilage the protective cushioning between bones. This wear and tear can result from ageing, repetitive joint use, injuries or obesity. Over time, the loss of cartilage leads to bones rubbing together, causing pain and stiffness.

Autoimmune Reactions

In autoimmune types of arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own joint tissues. This triggers chronic inflammation that damages cartilage, bone and surrounding structures. The exact reasons why the immune system malfunctions are not fully understood but involve genetic and environmental triggers.

Genetic Predisposition

Certain genes increase susceptibility to different forms of arthritis. Family history of arthritis or autoimmune diseases raises the risk, although inheriting genes alone does not guarantee development of the condition.

Infections

Some forms of arthritis can be triggered by infections. Infectious or septic arthritis occurs when bacteria or viruses invade a joint. Reactive arthritis develops after infections elsewhere in the body, such as the urinary tract or gastrointestinal system.

Metabolic Factors

Gout is caused by high levels of uric acid in the blood, leading to crystal deposits in joints that provoke inflammation and pain. This metabolic disturbance can be influenced by diet, kidney function and genetics.

Injury or Trauma

Joint injuries, including fractures, ligament tears or repeated strain, increase the likelihood of developing arthritis in the affected joints later in life.

Other Risk Factors

Obesity, poor posture, repetitive movements, smoking and certain occupations can increase the risk of arthritis by placing extra stress on joints or affecting immune function.

Summary

Arthritis has multiple causes including joint wear and tear, autoimmune reactions, genetics, infections, metabolic issues and injury. Often several factors combine to trigger arthritis development. Understanding these causes aids prevention and informs treatment strategies.