Adults only (18+)

What Is Arthritis?

Understanding Arthritis

Arthritis is a general term for a group of conditions that cause inflammation, pain and stiffness in the joints. It affects millions of people worldwide and can involve one or multiple joints. The word arthritis literally means “joint inflammation.” The condition can range from mild and temporary discomfort to severe, chronic pain and disability. Arthritis is a leading cause of reduced mobility and can significantly impact quality of life.

Types of Arthritis

There are many different types of arthritis, with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis being the most common. Osteoarthritis is often described as “wear and tear” arthritis and results from the gradual breakdown of cartilage—the cushioning material at the ends of bones in joints. Rheumatoid arthritis, on the other hand, is an autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks the joints, causing inflammation and joint damage. Other types include psoriatic arthritis, gout, lupus arthritis and juvenile arthritis, each with distinct causes and symptoms.

Symptoms of Arthritis

Common symptoms include joint pain, swelling, stiffness and reduced range of motion. People may notice these symptoms more after periods of inactivity or during certain weather conditions. Arthritis can affect any joint but commonly involves the knees, hips, hands and spine. In some cases, arthritis can also cause systemic symptoms like fatigue, fever or weight loss.

Causes and Risk Factors

The causes of arthritis vary depending on the type. Osteoarthritis is primarily linked to ageing, joint injury and overuse, while autoimmune arthritis arises from immune system dysfunction. Genetic predisposition, obesity, infections, lifestyle factors such as smoking, and certain occupations can increase the risk of developing arthritis.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging tests like X-rays and blood tests. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, improving joint function and preventing further damage. This may include medications, physical therapy, lifestyle changes and in some cases, surgery.

Summary

Arthritis is a group of joint conditions characterised by inflammation, pain and stiffness. It can affect people of all ages and ranges from mild to severe. Understanding arthritis helps with early diagnosis and effective management to maintain mobility and quality of life.