Adults only (18+)

What Is Depression?

Understanding Depression

Depression is a common and serious mental health condition characterised by persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest or pleasure, and a range of emotional and physical problems. It affects how a person feels, thinks and behaves, often interfering with daily activities and relationships. Depression is more than just feeling low or having a bad day—it is a diagnosable disorder that can significantly impact quality of life if left untreated.

Symptoms and Signs

People with depression may experience a variety of symptoms that last for at least two weeks. These include feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness or excessive guilt, difficulty concentrating, changes in appetite or weight, sleep disturbances such as insomnia or oversleeping, fatigue or loss of energy and thoughts of death or suicide. Emotional symptoms often include persistent sadness, irritability or anxiety. Physical symptoms may manifest as unexplained aches and pains.

Causes and Risk Factors

Depression can arise from a complex interplay of genetic, biological, environmental and psychological factors. Family history of depression increases risk, as do stressful life events such as bereavement, trauma, or chronic illness. Imbalances in brain chemicals like serotonin and dopamine are thought to contribute. Social isolation, substance misuse and certain medical conditions can also trigger or worsen depression.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis is made by healthcare professionals through clinical assessment, often based on criteria outlined in diagnostic manuals. Treatment typically involves a combination of psychological therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), counselling and medication like antidepressants. Lifestyle changes, including regular exercise, a balanced diet and social support, also play important roles in recovery.

Living with Depression

Managing depression is often an ongoing process. Many people respond well to treatment and regain a good quality of life, while others may experience recurrent episodes. Early intervention, a strong support network and adherence to treatment plans improve outcomes.

Summary

Depression is a serious mental health condition characterised by persistent low mood and other emotional and physical symptoms. Understanding its causes, recognising symptoms and seeking timely treatment are vital for recovery.