Adults only (18+)

Legal Status of Cannabis in Japan

Cannabis is strictly illegal in Japan for both recreational and medical use. The Cannabis Control Law, enacted in 1948, prohibits the possession, cultivation, sale, and use of cannabis and its derivatives. This includes all parts of the cannabis plant, such as leaves, flowers, and resin. The law is enforced rigorously, and violations can result in severe penalties, including imprisonment.

Possession and Use

Possessing or using cannabis in Japan is a criminal offence. The penalties for possession can be severe, with imprisonment for up to five years for simple possession. If the offence is committed for profit, such as trafficking, the sentence can increase to up to seven years. The law also criminalises the use of cannabis, with penalties of up to seven years in prison. This includes consumption, which was previously not explicitly prohibited but is now clearly criminalised under recent legal amendments. The government has been tightening enforcement, particularly in response to rising youth usage.

Cultivation and Distribution

Cultivating cannabis is illegal in Japan unless authorised by the government for specific purposes, such as research. The law prohibits the cultivation, sale, and distribution of cannabis and its products. There are no legal avenues for individuals to cultivate cannabis for personal use. The government maintains strict controls over any legal cultivation, primarily for industrial hemp purposes under regulated licensing systems.

Medical Cannabis

Medical cannabis is not legal in Japan. The use of cannabis for medical purposes is prohibited under the Cannabis Control Law. There are no legal provisions for the prescription or use of cannabis-derived medicines. However, in December 2024, Japan enacted revised laws that legalise the use of cannabis-derived medical products under strict regulations. These products are intended for specific medical conditions and are subject to rigorous approval processes. The legalisation of medical cannabis is a recent development and is not yet widely accessible.

CBD Products

Cannabidiol (CBD) products are legal in Japan, provided they meet strict regulatory standards. To be legally sold, CBD products must be derived exclusively from the mature stalks and seeds of the cannabis plant and must contain no more than 0.03% tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Products that do not meet these criteria are considered illegal and can lead to severe penalties. The Japanese government has been tightening regulations on CBD products, including proposed limits on THC content, which could significantly impact the market.

Driving Under the Influence

Driving under the influence of cannabis is illegal in Japan. The law prohibits operating a vehicle while impaired by any substance, including cannabis. Police have the authority to conduct roadside drug tests, and individuals found to be under the influence can face penalties, including fines, licence suspension, and imprisonment.

Tourists and Cannabis Laws

Tourists visiting Japan should be aware that cannabis is illegal for both recreational and medical use. Possessing or using cannabis can lead to arrest, prosecution, and severe penalties. It is advisable for visitors to avoid bringing cannabis or cannabis-related products into the country. The Japanese government enforces its drug laws strictly, and violations can result in serious legal consequences.

Public Perception and Cultural Context

Cannabis has a long history in Japan, with historical uses dating back centuries. However, following World War II, cannabis was banned, and its use became associated with criminal activity. Public perception of cannabis in Japan is largely negative, and there is limited support for legalisation. The government maintains a firm stance against cannabis use and continues to enforce strict drug laws.

Recent Developments and Future Outlook

In recent years, there have been discussions about the potential benefits of medical cannabis, leading to the legalisation of cannabis-derived medical products under strict regulations. However, recreational use remains illegal, and there are no indications that the government plans to legalise cannabis for recreational purposes in the near future. The future of cannabis policy in Japan remains uncertain, with ongoing debates about its legal status and potential benefits and risks.

In Summary

Cannabis is illegal in Japan for both recreational and medical use. Possession, cultivation, and distribution are criminal offences with severe penalties. While CBD products are legal under strict regulations, they must meet specific criteria to be sold legally. Driving under the influence of cannabis is prohibited, and tourists should be aware of and adhere to local laws regarding cannabis to avoid legal issues. The public debate over cannabis legalisation continues, with ongoing discussions about potential reforms in the future.