Adults only (18+)

Legal Status of Cannabis in the Philippines

Cannabis is illegal in the Philippines under Republic Act No. 9165, also known as the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002. This law classifies cannabis as a dangerous drug, subjecting it to strict prohibitions on its cultivation, possession, sale, and use. The penalties for violating these laws are severe, reflecting the country's stringent stance on drug-related offences.

Possession and Public Use

Possession of cannabis is a criminal offence in the Philippines. The penalties vary depending on the quantity involved. For instance, possessing 10 grams or more of cannabis resin or 500 grams or more of cannabis can result in life imprisonment and fines ranging from 500,000 to 10 million pesos. Lesser amounts, such as between 5 to 10 grams of resin or 300 to 500 grams of cannabis, can lead to 12 to 20 years of imprisonment and fines between 300,000 and 400,000 pesos. Even smaller quantities can result in significant prison sentences and fines. Public consumption of cannabis is also prohibited and can lead to similar legal consequences. Enforcement of these laws is strict, and individuals found violating them face serious legal repercussions.

Medical Cannabis

Medical cannabis is not legally available in the Philippines. While there have been legislative attempts to legalise its use for medical purposes, such as the Philippine Compassionate Medical Cannabis Act, these bills have not been enacted into law. The government has yet to establish a legal framework for the medical use of cannabis, and as such, patients seeking cannabis-based treatments have limited options. The existing legal framework does not differentiate between medicinal and recreational use, treating all forms of cannabis use as illegal.

Cultivation

Cultivation of cannabis is illegal in the Philippines. The law prohibits the planting, cultivation, or harvesting of cannabis plants. Individuals found cultivating cannabis face severe penalties, including life imprisonment and fines ranging from 500,000 to 10 million pesos. The government enforces these laws rigorously, and any land used for cannabis cultivation is subject to seizure unless the owner can prove they had no knowledge of the activity.

Driving Under the Influence

Driving under the influence of cannabis is illegal in the Philippines. Law enforcement agencies are authorised to conduct sobriety tests, and individuals found impaired by cannabis may face penalties, including fines, licence suspension, or imprisonment. The legal limit for THC in the blood is not clearly defined, but any detectable amount can lead to legal consequences. The government enforces strict measures to ensure road safety and prevent drug-impaired driving.

Tourists and Cannabis Laws

Tourists visiting the Philippines should be aware that cannabis use is illegal. Possession, use, or trafficking of cannabis can lead to arrest and prosecution. Medical cannabis laws apply only to residents registered with the state programme. Visitors are advised to comply fully with local laws to avoid legal issues during their stay.

Public Perception and Cultural Context

Cannabis use in the Philippines remains a topic of debate. Public opinion is gradually shifting, with increasing support for medical cannabis legalisation. However, recreational use continues to face strong legal and social opposition. The state's approach to cannabis is influenced by political, cultural, and public health considerations.

Recent Developments and Future Outlook

While the Philippines has not legalised cannabis for recreational or general medical use, there have been discussions and legislative efforts aimed at reform. In 2024, the Philippine Congress approved a bill to decriminalise recreational cannabis for personal use and home cultivation, with provisions set to take effect in 2026. The bill allows adults aged 21 and over to possess up to 100 grams of cannabis at home and cultivate up to three plants. The law also permits the use of psilocybin for medical purposes. However, the bill does not legalise recreational cannabis commerce, and retail sales remain prohibited.

In Summary

Cannabis is illegal in the Philippines, with possession and public consumption subject to penalties. Medical cannabis is not legally available, and cultivation by individuals is prohibited. Driving under the influence is illegal. Tourists should adhere to local laws to avoid legal issues. While public opinion is shifting, significant legislative changes regarding cannabis legalisation have not yet occurred in the country.