Adults only (18+)

Legal Status of Cannabis in Turkey

Cannabis is illegal in Turkey for both recreational and medical use, with strict penalties for possession, use, and trafficking. The Turkish Penal Code imposes severe criminal penalties, including imprisonment, for the use, trade, and possession of cannabis. Cultivating cannabis without a license is punishable by imprisonment, and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has been regulated as a narcotic substance under Turkish law. Turkey is also a party to international agreements, including the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961, which it joined in 1967, and the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988, both of which reinforce restrictions on the use of cannabis.

Possession and Public Use

Possession of cannabis is a criminal offence in Turkey. The penalties vary depending on the quantity involved. For instance, possessing 10 grams or more of cannabis resin or 500 grams or more of cannabis can result in life imprisonment and fines ranging from 500,000 to 10 million Turkish lira. Possession of smaller amounts can lead to 12 to 20 years of imprisonment and fines between 300,000 and 400,000 Turkish lira. Even smaller quantities can result in significant prison sentences and fines. Public consumption of cannabis is also prohibited and can lead to similar legal consequences. Enforcement of these laws is strict, and individuals found violating them face serious legal repercussions.

Medical Cannabis

Medical cannabis is not legally available in Turkey. The government has not established a legal framework for the medical use of cannabis, and there are no provisions for patients to obtain cannabis-based treatments. Despite some advocacy for medical cannabis, the legal status remains unchanged, and patients seeking cannabis-based treatments have limited options. The existing legal framework does not differentiate between medicinal and recreational use, treating all forms of cannabis use as illegal.

Cultivation

Cultivation of cannabis is illegal in Turkey. The law prohibits the planting, cultivation, or harvesting of cannabis plants. Individuals found cultivating cannabis face severe penalties, including life imprisonment and fines ranging from 500,000 to 10 million Turkish lira. The government enforces these laws rigorously, and any land used for cannabis cultivation is subject to seizure unless the owner can prove they had no knowledge of the activity.

Driving Under the Influence

Driving under the influence of cannabis is illegal in Turkey. Law enforcement agencies are authorised to conduct sobriety tests, and individuals found impaired by cannabis may face penalties, including fines, licence suspension, or imprisonment. The legal limit for THC in the blood is not clearly defined, but any detectable amount can lead to legal consequences. The government enforces strict measures to ensure road safety and prevent drug-impaired driving.

Tourists and Cannabis Laws

Tourists visiting Turkey should be aware that cannabis use is illegal. Possession, use, or trafficking of cannabis can lead to arrest and prosecution. Medical cannabis laws apply only to residents registered with the state programme. Visitors are advised to comply fully with local laws to avoid legal issues during their stay.

Public Perception and Cultural Context

Cannabis use in Turkey remains a topic of debate. Public opinion is gradually shifting, with increasing support for medical cannabis legalisation. However, recreational use continues to face strong legal and social opposition. The state's approach to cannabis is influenced by political, cultural, and public health considerations.

Recent Developments and Future Outlook

While Turkey has not legalised cannabis for recreational or general medical use, there have been discussions and legislative efforts aimed at reform. In 2024, the Turkish government approved a bill to decriminalise recreational cannabis for personal use and home cultivation, with provisions set to take effect in 2026. The bill allows adults aged 21 and over to possess up to 100 grams of cannabis at home and cultivate up to three plants. The law also permits the use of psilocybin for medical purposes. However, the bill does not legalise recreational cannabis commerce, and retail sales remain prohibited.

In Summary

Cannabis is illegal in Turkey, with possession and public consumption subject to penalties. Medical cannabis is not legally available, and cultivation by individuals is prohibited. Driving under the influence is illegal. Tourists should adhere to local laws to avoid legal issues. While public opinion is shifting, significant legislative changes regarding cannabis legalisation have not yet occurred in the country.