Adults only (18+)

How to Treat Gouty Arthritis

Gouty arthritis, commonly referred to simply as gout, is a type of arthritis caused by the build-up of uric acid crystals in the joints. This build-up leads to sudden and severe attacks of joint pain, swelling and redness, often affecting the big toe but potentially involving other joints as well. Effective treatment of gouty arthritis focuses on relieving acute attacks, preventing future flare-ups and managing underlying factors such as high uric acid levels. Understanding the treatment options can help people manage gout effectively and reduce its impact on daily life.

Managing Acute Gout Attacks

When a gout attack occurs, rapid pain relief and inflammation reduction are the primary goals. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or naproxen are commonly prescribed to ease pain and swelling. Colchicine, a medication specifically used for gout, can reduce inflammation if taken early in an attack. In some cases, corticosteroids may be used orally or injected into the affected joint if NSAIDs and colchicine are not suitable. Prompt treatment often shortens the duration of flare-ups and improves comfort.

Lowering Uric Acid Levels

To prevent future gout attacks, managing uric acid levels in the blood is essential. Lifestyle changes such as adopting a healthy diet low in purines—substances found in red meat, shellfish and some alcoholic beverages—can help reduce uric acid production. Limiting alcohol intake, especially beer and spirits, and maintaining adequate hydration supports kidney function and uric acid elimination.

When lifestyle adjustments are insufficient, doctors may prescribe urate-lowering medications such as allopurinol or febuxostat. These drugs decrease uric acid production, reducing crystal formation and preventing attacks. It is important to take these medications consistently as prescribed and to have regular blood tests to monitor uric acid levels and kidney function.

Dietary and Lifestyle Modifications

Diet plays a significant role in gout management. Eating plenty of fruits, vegetables and whole grains while avoiding high-purine foods helps control uric acid levels. Staying well hydrated by drinking water throughout the day aids in flushing uric acid from the body. Maintaining a healthy weight through balanced diet and regular exercise also reduces gout risk and improves overall health.

Pain and Symptom Management at Home

During flare-ups, resting the affected joint and applying ice packs can help reduce pain and swelling. Wearing comfortable footwear and avoiding pressure on painful joints also provides relief. Over-the-counter painkillers may assist but should be used with caution and medical advice.

Monitoring and Preventive Care

Regular medical check-ups are important for people with gout to monitor uric acid levels and adjust treatment as needed. Preventive strategies include continuing lifestyle measures and adherence to medication even when symptoms are not present, as gout attacks can recur if uric acid levels remain high.

Addressing Common Misconceptions

Some believe that gout only affects older men or is caused solely by diet. While men are more commonly affected, women can also develop gout, especially after menopause. Genetics, kidney function and other health conditions influence risk. Additionally, sudden dietary indulgence can trigger attacks but is not the sole cause.

When to Seek Medical Advice

Anyone experiencing sudden, severe joint pain with swelling and redness, particularly in the big toe, should seek medical advice promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment reduce complications and improve outcomes.

Summary

Treating gouty arthritis involves managing acute attacks with anti-inflammatory medications, lowering uric acid levels through lifestyle changes and medication, and preventing future flare-ups with ongoing care. A combination of diet, medication and regular monitoring provides the best approach to controlling gout and maintaining joint health. Working closely with healthcare professionals ensures personalised and effective treatment.