Adults only (18+)

What Is Arthritis Gout?

Understanding Gout as a Form of Arthritis

Gout is a specific type of arthritis characterised by sudden and severe episodes of joint pain, swelling and inflammation. Unlike other types of arthritis caused by wear and tear or autoimmune processes, gout results from the build-up of uric acid crystals within the joints. These sharp crystals trigger intense inflammation, leading to the hallmark symptoms of gout. It is a common and potentially very painful form of arthritis that most often affects the big toe but can involve other joints as well.

Causes of Gout

Gout develops when there is too much uric acid in the blood, a condition known as hyperuricaemia. Uric acid is a waste product formed when the body breaks down purines, substances found naturally in the body and in certain foods such as red meat, shellfish and some alcoholic beverages. When uric acid levels become elevated, it can crystallise and deposit in the joints and surrounding tissues, provoking inflammation. Factors that increase uric acid include genetics, diet, obesity, kidney function and certain medications.

Symptoms of Gout

Gout attacks often start suddenly, frequently during the night, and are characterised by intense joint pain, swelling, redness and warmth. The big toe joint is most commonly affected, but gout can also impact ankles, knees, wrists and fingers. The pain is usually severe and may last for days to weeks. Repeated attacks can lead to chronic gout with joint damage and the formation of tophi—hard, chalky deposits of uric acid crystals under the skin.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of gout involves clinical evaluation, blood tests to measure uric acid levels and sometimes joint fluid analysis to identify uric acid crystals. Treatment focuses on relieving acute pain with medications such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), colchicine or corticosteroids. Long-term management aims to lower uric acid levels through lifestyle changes and medications like allopurinol to prevent future attacks and joint damage.

Summary

Gout is a type of arthritis caused by uric acid crystal build-up in the joints, leading to sudden, severe pain and inflammation. Managing diet, lifestyle and medication helps control symptoms and prevent complications.