What Is Generalised Epilepsy?

Generalised epilepsy is a type of epilepsy characterised by seizures that begin simultaneously in both hemispheres of the brain. Unlike focal epilepsy, where seizures start in a specific area, generalised epilepsy involves widespread abnormal electrical activity from the outset. Understanding generalised epilepsy helps in recognising seizure types, diagnosis, and treatment options. This article explains what generalised epilepsy is, its common seizure types, causes, and management based on trusted UK health information.

Defining Generalised Epilepsy

Generalised epilepsy involves seizures that affect both sides of the brain simultaneously. These seizures typically result in a loss of consciousness or awareness and can produce a variety of symptoms depending on the seizure type. Generalised epilepsy often begins in childhood or adolescence but can occur at any age.

Common Types of Generalised Seizures

Several seizure types are associated with generalised epilepsy. These include tonic-clonic seizures, which involve muscle stiffening and jerking; absence seizures, characterised by brief lapses in awareness or “blanking out”; myoclonic seizures, involving sudden muscle jerks; atonic seizures, causing sudden loss of muscle tone; and tonic seizures, with sustained muscle stiffening.

Causes of Generalised Epilepsy

Generalised epilepsy often has a genetic basis, with inherited factors affecting brain excitability and seizure susceptibility. Sometimes it occurs without an identifiable cause, known as idiopathic generalised epilepsy. Less commonly, it may be linked to brain injuries or metabolic disorders.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves clinical assessment, eyewitness accounts, EEG testing showing characteristic generalised spike-and-wave patterns, and brain imaging to rule out structural causes. Identifying the type of generalised epilepsy guides treatment choices.

Treatment and Management

Anti-epileptic medications such as valproate, ethosuximide, lamotrigine, and levetiracetam are commonly used to treat generalised epilepsy. Treatment aims to control seizures and improve quality of life. Some medications used for focal seizures may worsen generalised epilepsy, highlighting the importance of accurate diagnosis.

Living with Generalised Epilepsy

With appropriate treatment, many people with generalised epilepsy achieve good seizure control. Support from healthcare professionals, education, and lifestyle adjustments help manage the condition effectively.

When to Seek Medical Advice

If you experience seizures involving loss of consciousness, sudden jerks, or blanking episodes, seek medical evaluation promptly for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Final Thought

Generalised epilepsy involves seizures affecting both sides of the brain from the start and includes various seizure types. Accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment help manage seizures and support a good quality of life.