Adults only (18+)

Is Weed Legal in California?

Yes. Cannabis is fully legal for both recreational and medical use across the state of California. This includes major cities like Los Angeles and San Francisco. Although federal law still classifies cannabis as illegal at the national level, California’s own laws allow adults to buy, possess, use and grow cannabis within defined limits. The state has one of the most mature and regulated cannabis markets in the world, spanning licensed retail sales, regulated cultivation and medical access.

Adult‑Use Legalisation Framework

California voters approved Proposition 64 in November 2016, legalising recreational cannabis use for adults aged 21 and over. Retail sales began in early 2018, and the state introduced a comprehensive regulatory system to manage licensing, testing, packaging and taxation. Since then adults may legally possess up to one ounce of cannabis flower or eight grams of cannabis concentrate. Those over 21 may also transfer up to one ounce to another adult without payment, and may grow up to six plants at home for personal use.

Medical Cannabis Access

Medical cannabis has been legal in California since 1996 under Proposition 215, one of the earliest medical cannabis laws in the United States. Registered patients can obtain a doctor’s recommendation and purchase cannabis without age restrictions, and they are allowed to possess and cultivate larger amounts than recreational users. Medical users may also be exempt from certain sales taxes and may access more potent products or larger quantities for therapeutic use.

Home Cultivation and Use Restrictions

Home cultivation is permitted but regulated. Adults may grow up to six mature plants per residence unless local ordinances restrict that number. Cultivation must occur in a secure, private space away from public view. Smoking or vaping cannabis in public is prohibited and may result in a civil fine. Cannabis cannot be consumed in public spaces, workplaces, schools, or in vehicles. Use is permitted only on private property with the owner’s consent.

Retail Sales and Regulations

Cannabis retail shops in California must obtain a state licence and follow regulations enforced by the state’s cannabis control agency. Dispensaries may sell flower, edibles, concentrates and topical products. They are required to conduct lab testing for potency and safety, prohibit sales to anyone under 21, and follow strict packaging rules. Local governments also have authority to restrict or ban cannabis businesses within their jurisdictions, so availability may vary by county or city.

Possession Limits and Legal Penalties

Adults may carry up to one ounce of cannabis flower or up to eight grams of concentrate. Exceeding these amounts can lead to fines or misdemeanour charges. Possession of larger quantities may result in criminal charges, especially if there is intent to distribute. Unlicensed sales or supplying minors can result in felony charges and substantial penalties. Driving under the influence of cannabis is illegal and treated similarly to alcohol impairment.

Federal Law and Practical Implications

Under federal law cannabis remains a Schedule I substance, technically making it illegal nationwide. However, federal authorities generally do not prosecute individuals who comply with state marijuana laws and do not cross state lines. Federal drug laws still apply in areas under federal jurisdiction, such as national parks or federal buildings, where cannabis remains prohibited.

Social Equity and Record Expungement

California’s cannabis reform includes social equity provisions aimed at addressing past inequities in cannabis enforcement. Eligible individuals convicted of non-violent cannabis offences may apply to have their records expunged, and new licensing rules encourage participation by communities disproportionately affected by the War on Drugs. Local governments may also offer support to equity applicants and reduced licensing fees.

Conclusion

Cannabis is fully legal in California for adults aged 21 and over. Recreational and medical frameworks allow for regulated possession, cultivation, retail access and use in private spaces. Public consumption remains prohibited and local authorities can limit where dispensaries operate. Although federal law still considers cannabis illegal, state law provides clear and enforceable pathways for legal use. Residents and visitors should adhere to defined limits and local rules to ensure compliance.