Adults only (18+)

Legal Status of Cannabis in Poland

Cannabis is illegal for recreational use in Poland. The possession, sale, and cultivation of cannabis are prohibited under Polish law. However, there are provisions for the medical use of cannabis, which are strictly regulated. The legal framework surrounding cannabis in Poland has evolved over time, with recent developments indicating a shift towards more permissive policies, particularly concerning medical use.

Possession and Public Use

Possession of cannabis for recreational purposes is illegal in Poland. The Act on Counteracting Drug Addiction criminalises the possession of narcotic drugs, including cannabis. Individuals caught with cannabis can face criminal charges, and the severity of the penalty depends on the quantity possessed and the circumstances of the offence. Public consumption of cannabis is also prohibited and can lead to legal consequences.

Medical Cannabis

Medical cannabis has been legal in Poland since 2017. The law permits the use of cannabis-based medicines for patients with specific medical conditions, such as chronic pain, multiple sclerosis, and certain types of epilepsy. To access medical cannabis, patients must obtain a prescription from a licensed physician. The prescribed cannabis products are dispensed through pharmacies. However, the availability of medical cannabis is limited, and patients often face challenges in accessing treatment due to regulatory hurdles and high costs.

Cultivation

Cultivation of cannabis plants is illegal in Poland. The law does not distinguish between cannabis used for recreational or medical purposes; all cultivation is prohibited. However, in May 2022, Poland introduced legislation allowing for the cultivation of non-fibrous cannabis (containing more than 0.3% THC) for medical and scientific purposes. This cultivation is strictly regulated and requires special permits issued by the Chief Pharmaceutical Inspector. Despite this legalisation, domestic production of medical cannabis remains limited, and the country relies heavily on imports to meet demand.

CBD Products

Cannabidiol (CBD) products are legal in Poland if they contain less than 0.3% THC. These products are widely available and include oils, cosmetics, and supplements. The legal status of CBD products is somewhat ambiguous, as there is no specific legislation regulating them. However, they are generally considered legal as long as they comply with the THC limit. The sale and marketing of CBD products are subject to general consumer protection laws, and businesses must ensure that their products do not make unsubstantiated health claims.

Driving Under the Influence

Driving under the influence of cannabis is illegal in Poland. Law enforcement agencies are authorised to conduct roadside sobriety tests, and individuals found impaired by cannabis may face penalties, including fines, licence suspension, and potential imprisonment. The legal limit for THC in the blood is not clearly defined, but any detectable amount can lead to legal consequences. Poland enforces strict measures to ensure road safety and prevent drug-impaired driving.

Tourists and Cannabis Laws

Tourists visiting Poland should be aware that recreational cannabis use is illegal. Possession, use, or trafficking of cannabis can lead to arrest and prosecution. Medical cannabis laws apply only to residents registered with the state programme. Visitors are advised to comply fully with local laws to avoid legal issues during their stay. It is important to note that while CBD products are available, they should be purchased from reputable sources to ensure compliance with local regulations.

Public Perception and Cultural Context

Cannabis use in Poland remains a topic of debate. Public opinion is gradually shifting, with increasing support for medical cannabis legalisation. However, recreational use continues to face strong legal and social opposition. The state's approach to cannabis is influenced by political, cultural, and public health considerations. Discussions about potential reforms are ongoing, but significant changes to cannabis laws have not yet occurred.

Recent Developments and Future Outlook

Poland continues to regulate and expand its medical cannabis programme, including efforts to promote social equity, support minority-owned businesses, and improve consumer protections. The state is also exploring options for expanding legal consumption venues and refining licensing processes. The future of cannabis in Poland is poised for continued growth and regulation, with ongoing debates about potential reforms.

In Summary

Cannabis is illegal for recreational use in Poland, with strict penalties for possession and public consumption. Medical cannabis is legal under a regulated programme, available to qualifying patients through a state programme. Cultivation by individuals is prohibited, and driving under the influence is illegal. Tourists should adhere to local laws to avoid legal issues. Poland is cautiously exploring cannabis reform, but widespread legalisation is not yet in place.