Adults only (18+)

Legal Status of Cannabis in Portugal

Cannabis is illegal for recreational use in Portugal. However, the country has adopted a decriminalisation approach, focusing on treating drug use as a public health issue rather than a criminal one. This policy aims to reduce the harms associated with drug use and to provide support for individuals with substance use disorders.

Possession and Public Use

Possession of cannabis for personal use is decriminalised in Portugal. Individuals found with up to 25 grams of cannabis or 5 grams of hashish are not subject to criminal prosecution. Instead, they may face administrative penalties, such as fines or mandatory attendance at a dissuasion commission. Public consumption of cannabis is discouraged and may lead to fines or other administrative measures. The emphasis is on harm reduction and providing support rather than punishment.

Medical Cannabis

Medical cannabis has been legal in Portugal since 2018. Patients with specific medical conditions, such as chronic pain, multiple sclerosis, or certain types of epilepsy, may be prescribed cannabis-based medicines. These products are dispensed through pharmacies and can only be obtained with a special prescription. Personal cultivation of cannabis for medical purposes is not permitted, and all cannabis-based medicines must be authorised by the national regulatory authority.

Cultivation

Cultivation of cannabis is illegal in Portugal, even for personal use. Individuals found growing cannabis plants can face criminal charges, regardless of the quantity. The law does not differentiate between cultivation for recreational or medical purposes, and all forms of cultivation are prohibited without a licence. The focus of the legal framework is on controlling the supply and distribution of cannabis through authorised channels.

Driving Under the Influence

Driving under the influence of cannabis is illegal in Portugal. Law enforcement agencies are authorised to conduct roadside sobriety tests, and individuals found impaired by cannabis may face penalties, including fines, licence suspension, and possible imprisonment. The legal limit for THC in the blood is not clearly defined, but any detectable amount can lead to legal consequences. Portugal enforces strict measures to ensure road safety and prevent drug-impaired driving.

Tourists and Cannabis Laws

Tourists visiting Portugal should be aware that while personal possession of small amounts of cannabis is decriminalised, recreational use remains illegal. Possession, use, or trafficking of cannabis can lead to arrest and prosecution. Medical cannabis laws apply only to residents registered with the state programme. Visitors are advised to comply fully with local laws to avoid legal issues during their stay.

Public Perception and Cultural Context

Cannabis use in Portugal remains a topic of debate. Public opinion is gradually shifting, with increasing support for medical cannabis legalisation. However, recreational use continues to face strong legal and social opposition. The state's approach to cannabis is influenced by political, cultural, and public health considerations. Discussions about potential reforms are ongoing, but significant changes to cannabis laws have not yet occurred.

Recent Developments and Future Outlook

Portugal continues to evaluate its approach to cannabis through ongoing research and pilot programmes. Discussions about potential broader legalisation or decriminalisation are ongoing, with various political and social factors influencing the debate. The future of cannabis law in Portugal may evolve gradually in response to changing public opinion and international trends.

In Summary

Cannabis is illegal for recreational use in Portugal, with possession and public consumption subject to administrative penalties. Medical cannabis is legal under a regulated programme, available to qualifying patients through a state programme. Cultivation by individuals is prohibited, and driving under the influence is illegal. Tourists should adhere to local laws to avoid legal issues. Portugal is cautiously exploring cannabis reform, but widespread legalisation is not yet in place.