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How to Relieve Kidney Pain

Kidney pain can feel worrying, especially if you are not sure what is causing it. For many people, it starts as a dull ache in the side or lower back, while others may feel sharp or cramping pain that comes in waves. Unlike general back pain, kidney pain is often deeper, more focused and may be accompanied by other symptoms such as changes in urination, nausea or fever.

Understanding the possible causes of kidney pain, how to manage it and when to see a doctor is key to protecting your health and finding relief. Some causes are mild and manageable at home, while others need prompt medical attention.

What Is Kidney Pain?

Kidney pain refers to discomfort that originates from the kidneys, which are two bean-shaped organs located near the middle of your back, just below your ribcage. The pain is usually felt on one or both sides of the lower back or flank area. It may radiate to the lower abdomen or groin, depending on the cause.

Kidney pain should not be confused with typical back pain. While back pain is often muscular and affected by movement or posture, kidney pain tends to stay steady or worsen regardless of your position. It may also be accompanied by other signs that something is wrong with the urinary system.

Common Causes of Kidney Pain

One of the most frequent causes of kidney pain is a urinary tract infection (UTI) that has travelled up to the kidneys, known as pyelonephritis. This can cause aching in the side, along with fever, chills, fatigue and a burning feeling when passing urine.

Kidney stones are another common cause. These are hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys and can cause intense, sharp pain when they move through the urinary tract. The pain often comes in waves and may be accompanied by blood in the urine or nausea.

Other causes of kidney pain include hydronephrosis, which is swelling of the kidney due to a blockage, polycystic kidney disease, or trauma to the kidney area. Less commonly, kidney pain may be a sign of a more serious condition such as kidney infection, injury or tumour.

What Does Kidney Pain Feel Like?

Kidney pain is typically located in the flank area, which is the side of your back between your ribs and your hips. It may be dull and throbbing or sharp and severe. In the case of kidney stones, the pain can be sudden and extremely intense, often described as one of the most painful experiences a person can have.

You may also experience urinary symptoms, such as needing to urinate more often, pain or burning while passing urine, or cloudy or foul-smelling urine. If the pain is caused by infection, you might also have a fever, feel sick or vomit, and notice general discomfort or fatigue.

How to Relieve Kidney Pain at Home

If the pain is mild and you are not experiencing serious symptoms, there are a few steps you can take to feel more comfortable while waiting for medical advice or as part of your recovery.

Drinking plenty of water helps flush the urinary system and can ease discomfort caused by mild infections or irritation. Staying well hydrated can also help small kidney stones pass more easily, although this can still be painful. Avoid drinks with caffeine or alcohol, as these can irritate the kidneys and worsen symptoms.

Over-the-counter pain relief, such as paracetamol, can be used to manage mild to moderate pain. Ibuprofen may be effective in reducing inflammation, but should be avoided if you have existing kidney problems or are unsure of the cause of your pain. Always check with a pharmacist or GP before taking new medication.

Applying a warm compress or heat pad to the affected area may help reduce muscle tension and ease discomfort. Resting and avoiding strenuous activity can also support recovery.

However, kidney pain should not be treated at home without a clear understanding of the cause. If the pain is strong, persistent or accompanied by other symptoms, it is essential to seek medical advice.

When to See a GP or Go to Hospital

You should speak to a GP if you have pain in your side or lower back that does not go away, especially if it is accompanied by urinary symptoms. Seek urgent medical attention if you experience severe pain that comes in waves, blood in your urine, a high temperature, vomiting or signs of infection. These may indicate a kidney stone or infection that needs immediate treatment.

Your GP may arrange a urine test, blood test or scan to understand what is causing the pain. If a kidney infection is confirmed, you may be prescribed antibiotics. If you have kidney stones, the treatment will depend on the size and location of the stone. Small stones may pass naturally, while larger ones may require additional procedures.

Preventing Future Kidney Pain

Staying hydrated is one of the best ways to support kidney health. Drinking enough water throughout the day helps flush toxins and reduce the risk of kidney stones and infections. For most people, six to eight glasses a day is a good guide, but this may vary depending on your activity level, weather and overall health.

Practising good toilet hygiene, urinating after sex, and wiping front to back can help prevent urinary tract infections. Avoid holding in urine for long periods, as this can increase the risk of infection.

A balanced diet that is low in salt, sugar and processed foods supports kidney health. If you are prone to kidney stones, your doctor may recommend avoiding certain foods high in oxalates or adjusting your calcium intake.

Myths and Misconceptions About Kidney Pain

A common myth is that all back pain near the ribs must be related to the kidneys. In reality, most back pain is muscular. Another myth is that drinking cranberry juice cures kidney infections. While cranberry products may help prevent some urinary tract infections, they are not a treatment for kidney infections, which require medical care.

Emotional Wellbeing and Kidney Pain

Persistent pain can take a toll on your mental health. If you are feeling anxious, low or overwhelmed, you are not alone. It is important to speak to a GP or healthcare professional if the pain is affecting your sleep, mood or quality of life. Support is available, and effective treatment can make a real difference.

Final Thoughts

Kidney pain can be alarming, but in many cases it is treatable and manageable with the right care. Whether the cause is an infection, kidney stone or other condition, seeking medical advice early can help prevent complications and relieve discomfort more quickly. By looking after your overall health, staying hydrated and recognising when to get help, you can support your kidneys and feel more in control of your wellbeing.