Adults only (18+)

What Causes Arthritis in Fingers?

Arthritis in the fingers is caused by inflammation and damage to the small joints within the fingers, leading to pain, stiffness and swelling. Several factors contribute to the development of arthritis in the fingers, with different causes depending on the type of arthritis involved. Understanding these causes helps in diagnosis and management.

Osteoarthritis: Wear and Tear

The most common cause of arthritis in the fingers is osteoarthritis, which results from the gradual breakdown of cartilage that cushions the finger joints. This wear and tear can be due to ageing, repetitive use, joint injuries or genetic predisposition. As cartilage deteriorates, bones may rub against each other, causing pain, swelling and bony growths called osteophytes or nodes.

Rheumatoid Arthritis: Autoimmune Attack

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the synovium, the lining of the joints, in the fingers and elsewhere. This causes chronic inflammation, swelling and eventual joint damage. RA typically affects the finger joints symmetrically and can lead to deformities if untreated.

Psoriatic Arthritis

Psoriatic arthritis, linked to the skin condition psoriasis, can also affect the finger joints. It causes inflammation not only in the joints but also in tendons and ligaments, leading to swollen, painful fingers and nail changes.

Injury and Trauma

Previous injuries such as fractures or dislocations in the fingers can increase the risk of developing arthritis later on. Damage to the joint structures can accelerate cartilage wear and inflammation.

Genetics

A family history of arthritis increases the likelihood of developing arthritis in the fingers. Certain inherited genes influence susceptibility to autoimmune forms and osteoarthritis.

Other Factors

Obesity, repetitive strain from activities or occupation and hormonal changes may contribute to arthritis development in the fingers by increasing joint stress or altering immune responses.

Summary

Arthritis in the fingers can be caused by cartilage wear and tear in osteoarthritis, autoimmune inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis-related joint disease and previous injuries. Genetics and lifestyle factors also play important roles. Knowing the cause aids effective treatment and symptom management.