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What Is Inflammatory Arthritis?

Understanding Inflammatory Arthritis

Inflammatory arthritis refers to a group of conditions characterised by inflammation within the joints that leads to pain, swelling, stiffness and potential joint damage. Unlike osteoarthritis, which primarily results from wear and tear of cartilage, inflammatory arthritis involves the immune system mistakenly attacking joint tissues. This autoimmune or autoinflammatory process causes ongoing inflammation that can affect multiple joints and sometimes other organs in the body.

Common Types of Inflammatory Arthritis

The most well-known type of inflammatory arthritis is rheumatoid arthritis (RA), where the immune system targets the synovium, the lining of the joints. Psoriatic arthritis, associated with the skin condition psoriasis, is another example. Other types include ankylosing spondylitis, which primarily affects the spine, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis, affecting children. These conditions vary in symptoms and severity but share the common feature of joint inflammation.

Symptoms and Impact

People with inflammatory arthritis often experience joint pain, swelling and stiffness, particularly in the morning or after periods of inactivity. The stiffness may last for an hour or more and can be quite disabling. Inflammation may cause joints to feel warm and tender. Because inflammatory arthritis is systemic, it can also cause fatigue, fever and affect organs like the eyes, skin or heart.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact causes of inflammatory arthritis are not fully understood, but genetics and environmental factors contribute. The immune system’s abnormal response leads to inflammation that damages joints. Certain infections, smoking and hormonal changes may also trigger or worsen the condition.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosing inflammatory arthritis involves clinical examination, blood tests to detect markers of inflammation and autoimmunity, and imaging such as X-rays or ultrasound. Early diagnosis is important to start treatment promptly. Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation, controlling symptoms and preventing joint damage. This may involve medications like disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), biologics, corticosteroids and physical therapy.

Summary

Inflammatory arthritis is a group of autoimmune conditions causing joint inflammation, pain and stiffness. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment help manage symptoms and protect joint function, improving quality of life.