Adults only (18+)

What Is Psoriatic Arthritis?

Understanding Psoriatic Arthritis

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis that affects some people who have psoriasis, a skin condition characterised by red, scaly patches. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the joints and the places where tendons and ligaments connect to bone, causing inflammation, pain and swelling. PsA is a systemic disease, meaning it can affect multiple joints and other parts of the body. It can develop at any age but most commonly appears between the ages of 30 and 50.

Symptoms of Psoriatic Arthritis

Symptoms of psoriatic arthritis can vary widely among individuals but often include joint pain, stiffness and swelling, particularly in the fingers and toes. A distinctive feature is dactylitis, also known as “sausage digits,” where entire fingers or toes swell due to inflammation of the joints and surrounding tendons. Nail changes such as pitting, ridging or separation from the nail bed are common and may precede or accompany joint symptoms. Some people also experience fatigue, reduced range of motion and inflammation in the spine.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of psoriatic arthritis is not fully understood but involves a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental triggers that activate an abnormal immune response. Family history of psoriasis or PsA increases the risk. Factors such as infections, injuries or stress may trigger the onset of arthritis in susceptible individuals.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing psoriatic arthritis involves a detailed medical history, physical examination, blood tests to rule out other types of arthritis, and imaging such as X-rays or MRI to assess joint damage. Because symptoms overlap with other arthritis types, specialist evaluation is often required.

Treatment and Management

Treatment aims to reduce inflammation, control symptoms and prevent joint damage. Medications include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), biologic therapies and corticosteroids. Physical therapy and exercise help maintain joint function and mobility. Early diagnosis and treatment improve long-term outcomes.

Summary

Psoriatic arthritis is an inflammatory arthritis linked to psoriasis, causing joint pain, swelling and nail changes. It requires early diagnosis and tailored treatment to manage symptoms and protect joint health.