Adults only (18+)

What Is the Reason for Arthritis?

Understanding the Causes of Arthritis

Arthritis is a collective term for conditions that cause inflammation and pain in the joints. The reason for arthritis varies widely depending on the specific type, as arthritis is not a single disease but a group of disorders with different causes. Broadly, arthritis develops due to a combination of biological, mechanical and environmental factors that affect joint health and function.

Wear and Tear

The most common reason for arthritis, particularly osteoarthritis, is the gradual wear and tear of joint cartilage over time. Cartilage acts as a cushion between bones in a joint, allowing smooth movement. As cartilage breaks down due to ageing, injury or repetitive stress, bones may rub together causing pain, stiffness and inflammation. This mechanical deterioration is the main cause of osteoarthritis.

Immune System Dysfunction

In autoimmune types of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the joints. This immune malfunction leads to chronic inflammation that damages cartilage, bone and surrounding tissues. The exact trigger for this immune response is not fully understood but involves genetic predisposition and environmental influences.

Genetic Factors

Genetics can increase susceptibility to certain forms of arthritis. Family history of arthritis or autoimmune diseases raises the risk but does not guarantee development. Specific genes influence how the immune system functions or how joint tissues respond to stress.

Infections

Some types of arthritis, such as reactive arthritis and septic arthritis, develop due to infections. Bacteria, viruses or fungi can directly infect a joint or trigger an immune reaction that causes joint inflammation.

Metabolic Causes

Gout is a form of arthritis caused by a metabolic problem where high levels of uric acid in the blood form crystals that deposit in joints, causing sudden and severe inflammation.

Other Risk Factors

Factors such as obesity, smoking, poor posture, repetitive joint use and certain occupations increase the risk of arthritis by placing extra stress on joints or altering immune responses.

Summary

The reason for arthritis depends on the type but commonly includes joint wear and tear, immune system dysfunction, genetics, infections and metabolic issues. Multiple factors often interact to cause arthritis development.